LAB-FS-01 - The Linux File System Tree

Part A: The Field Guide

Linux does not separate drives with letters the way Windows often does. Instead, everything is attached under one directory tree that begins at /.

What matters for learning is not memorizing every folder. It is recognizing the main zones:

• /etc for system configuration
• /var for changing data such as logs
• /home for regular user files
• /usr for most installed programs and shared resources
• /tmp for temporary files

Core directories to recognize

• /etc: system-wide settings
• /var: data that changes while the system runs
• /home: user home directories
• /usr/bin: many installed commands
• /tmp: temporary working space
• /root: the root user’s own home directory

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Part B: The Drill Deck

Terminal required: this lab is about observation and navigation, not editing.

G

Guided Step by step - type exactly this and compare the result

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Exercise G1: Start at the top

1. Go to the top of the file system: cd /
2. List the main directories: ls
3. Pick out /etc, /var, /home, /usr, and /tmp

Exercise G2: Visit the most important locations

1. Run cd /etc && pwd
2. Run cd /var && pwd
3. Run cd /home && pwd
4. Run cd /usr/bin && pwd
5. After each step, say out loud what that directory is generally for

Exercise G3: Inspect safely

1. In /etc, run ls | head
2. In /var, run ls | head
3. In /home, run ls -la
4. Notice how the kind of content changes from place to place

S

Solo Task described, hints available - figure it out

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Exercise S1: Predict before you check

For each task below, name the directory you expect before you navigate there:

1. a system configuration file
2. a user document
3. a log file
4. an installed command

Then verify your guess by navigating to the most likely directory.

Exercise S2: Root versus root

1. Run cd / && pwd
2. Run cd ~ && pwd
3. If you have access, run cd /root only if you understand that it is not the same as /

The point is to separate the top of the file system from a specific user’s home.

M

Mission Real scenario - no hints, combine multiple skills

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Mission M1: Directory first, command second

For each scenario, choose the first directory you would inspect:

1. You need to find a web server config file.
2. You want to inspect a system log after an error.
3. You want to find your own shell startup file.
4. You want to check where many installed commands live.

If your first guess is usually correct, the file-system tree is starting to make sense.